国产成人h在线视频-国产成人mv在线观看-国产成人vr精品a视频-国产成人v色综合-国产成人v无卡在线观看-国产成人v无码专区亚洲v-国产成人v一区二区-国产成人αv无码专区亚洲αv

凯发k8国际

凯发k8国际 專題研究

戴斌 | 培育中非旅游合作的烏干達范例

2025-01-21 字號:[ ]


1月21日,經文化和旅游部批準,烏干達旅游、野生動物和文物部邀請,凯发k8国际院長戴斌赴烏干達出席中國-烏干達文化和旅游合作研討研討會,并發表題為《培育中非旅游合作的烏干達范例》主題演講,全文分享如下:

尊敬的布廷梅部長、張利忠大使、沃內卡大使,

各位旅游業界同仁、媒體朋友,

受烏干達旅游、野生動物和文物部邀請,經中國文化和旅游部批準,在中國駐烏干達大使館和烏干達駐中國大使館的大力協助下,我和我的同事,以及廣之旅、凱撒、天悅、遠景、華程、春秋、康輝、東南、易游等知名旅行商代表順利首訪“非洲明珠”烏干達。在坎帕拉這座擁有燦爛的文化歷史遺產、壯麗的湖泊景觀和完善的商業環境的首都城市,我們受到了各方面的熱情接待,并獲邀參加烏干達旅游、野生動物和文物部與中國駐烏干達大使館聯合舉辦的2025中國-烏干達文化和旅游合作研討研討會。論壇期間的歡迎儀式和文藝演出,特別是剛才的烏干達人民眼中的中國文化給我留下了深刻印象,她們的美麗、熱情、善良、溫暖,讓我深受感動。感覺我和同事來晚了,我的同胞來少了。中國有句話,“好飯不怕晚”“朋友不怕多”。在前期研究、數據分析和在地考察的基礎上,我期待與各位達成如下共識:旅游在中非人文研討和經貿合作戰略進程中扮演著日益重要的角色,在為開展而起、為開展而興的“全球南方”振興之路上將發揮更加持續的作用。在中烏兩國外交、文化、旅游、民航、商務等部門和業界的共同努力下,烏干達在不遠的將來有望成為中國出境旅游的重要目的地和中非旅游研討合作的示范案例。


01

中非旅游研討有歷史經驗,更有現實基礎


讀萬卷書,行萬里路,自古以來就是中華民族的優良傳統,出國旅游尤為人們所向往。據史書《通典》記載,第一個踏足非洲的中國人是唐代的杜環。8世紀50年代,杜環由當時阿拉伯帝國的首都巴士拉出發,越過蘇伊士地峽經埃及到達非洲的摩鄰國。14世紀,兩位偉大的世界級旅行家——中國的汪大淵和摩洛哥的伊本·白圖泰,分別從泉州和丹吉爾出發并最終踏上了對方的出發地。他們留下的《島夷志略》和《伊本·白圖泰游記》,生動記錄了旅途所見的自然景觀和人文風情,見證了源遠流長的中非文化研討和人民之間的長期交往與互慕互敬。受經濟開展水平和交通基礎設施等歷史條件所限,漂洋過海的跨國旅行還只是極少數人的體驗。隨著科技的進步、市場的拓展和文化的研討,越來越多的人加入旅行與旅游進程中來,越來越多的人實現了在這顆藍色的星球上自由地行走。

國之交,在民相親;民相交,在常來往。從1405年到1433年,鄭和七下西洋、四赴非洲。隨員馬歡等人對船隊所訪東非城邦的位置、氣候、居民和風俗習慣等作了生動描述,使得中國人對非洲的認識和分析大大超過了前代。在此期間,中國主要向非洲出口絲綢、瓷器等,從非洲進口香料和草原動物。正如南非總統姆貝基所言,中國船隊到訪非洲港口所帶來的是互惠互利的合作,而不是隨著歐洲人而來的奴隸貿易和殖民主義所帶來的毀滅與絕望。平等互利和研討互鑒,自古以來就是中國人海外旅行的文化基因,也是全球旅游業繁榮和開展的指導思想。

海內存知己,天涯若比鄰。新中國創建后,周恩來總理代表新中國第一代領導人訪非,提出中國同非洲國家相互關系的五項原則及中國對外援助的八項原則,奠定了中非關系開展的政治基礎。2013年3月,習近平主席首次訪問非洲,他強調:“中非從來都是命運共同體,共同的歷史遭遇、共同的開展任務、共同的戰略利益把我們緊緊聯系在一起”,他還提出了中非友好合作的“真實親誠”四字理念,為中非關系的進一步深化和開展指明方向。從援建坦贊鐵路、落實二十國集團緩債倡議,到有助于非洲國家和非盟委員會加入共建“一帶一路”,從中非合作論壇峰會,到越來越多的非洲國家加入金磚合作機制或成為金磚伙伴國,中非合作行穩致遠。2024年中非合作論壇北京峰會順利獲得了《關于共筑新時代全天候中非命運共同體的北京宣言》和《中非合作論壇-北京行動計劃(2025-2027)》,更是為中國與包括烏干達在內的非洲國家合作給予了行動綱領。以文化為紐帶,以旅游為橋梁,促進民心相通,已經成為中非經濟社會開展各領域的廣泛共識。

習近平主席在2024年中非合作論壇北京峰會開幕式上鄭重宣布,中國同所有非洲建交國的雙邊關系提升到戰略關系層面,中非關系整體定位提升至新時代全天候中非命運共同體。政治互信是雙邊旅游研討可持續增長的基礎,更是旅游合作高質量開展的保障。經過近70年的辛勤耕耘,中非關系正處于歷史最好時期。近年來,中國企業為非洲新增和升級了近10萬公里公路、超1萬公里鐵路、近千座橋梁、近百個港口,極大地改變了非洲的交通面貌。可以預測,隨著共建“一帶一路”倡議的深入實施,未來非洲基礎設施改善還會走出“加速度”,這為中非旅游研討與合作深化給予更加扎實的硬件基礎。種種跡象表明,中非旅游研討合作正在迎來規模增長和質量提升的歷史機遇期。

中非人文研討和旅游合作的廣度不斷拓展,頻度穩步增長,程度不斷深入。文化研討方面,中非合作舉辦了“國家年”“文化年”“歡樂春節”“中非文化聚焦”“意會中國”等品牌活動。53個非洲國家的文化藝術組織和主要城市加入絲綢之路國際劇院聯盟、博物館聯盟、藝術節聯盟、電影節聯盟、圖書館聯盟、美術館聯盟及絲綢之路旅游城市聯盟等聯盟機制。旅游交往方面,中國已經與31個非洲國家簽署了雙邊旅游合作文件,與非洲建立了166對友好城市。非洲有34個國家已經成為中國公民組團出境旅游目的地,其中23個國家正式召開了中國公民組團旅游業務。中國公民免簽入境的非洲國家和地區有4個,落地簽的有12個。旅游在中非人文研討中扮演的角色越來越關鍵,發揮的作用越來越重要。中國與非洲人口之和約占全球總人口的三分之一。2019年,中非之間游客互訪人次已突破百萬大關。中國游客非常喜歡非洲的自然風光、歷史文化和民俗風情,每到冬夏兩季和春節、勞動節、國慶節等公眾假日,關于非洲的旅游資訊都會是網絡搜索的熱詞。2024年暑期,中國游客赴非洲的預訂人次同比上漲近兩倍,國慶節假日期間的訂單同比增長了168%。作為新興的海外旅游目的地,“非洲明珠”烏干達更是吸引了中國出境旅游者的熱情關注和體驗到訪。


02

中烏旅游研討數據穩步增長, 質量持續提升


中烏雙方高度的政治互信、頻繁的人文研討和密切的經貿往來,奠定了兩國旅游研討合作的堅實基礎。1962年,中烏兩國正式建立外交關系。2019年6月,習近平主席和穆塞韋尼總統一致同意將中烏關系提升為全面合作伙伴關系。2024年9月,兩國關系提升至全面戰略合作伙伴關系。早在2006年6月,中烏兩國就發表聯合公報,明確了加強旅游研討合作的共識。2023年,兩國貿易額達到13.05億美元新高。2024年6月,維多利亞湖畔的端午龍舟賽標志著中國文化走入當地社區生活。

伴隨全球國際旅游的快速復蘇,中烏旅游研討合作正迎來全新的戰略機遇期。烏干達憑借其豐富的自然資源和獨特的文化魅力,以及在中非合作論壇、金磚國家合作機制等多邊合作機制下的持續作為,應當也可以成為中非旅游合作的先行區和示范地。近年來,烏干達政府在旅游基礎設施建設、旅游品牌推廣、人力資源培訓等方面的持續投入,加上雙邊和多邊機制框架下的持續作為并與中方保持緊密合作,必將進一步提升其在中非旅游合作中的地位和作用。

近年來,中烏互訪游客呈現快速增長態勢。凯发k8国际(文化和旅游部數據中心)的監測數據顯示,2010年至2018年,烏干達每年來華旅游人數均保持在1萬多人的規模,2019年首次超過2萬人。根據烏干達旅游、野生動物和文物部的數據,到訪烏干達的中國游客在2016年就接近2萬人的規模。在“非洲熱”的帶動下,過去兩年訪問烏干達的中國游客快速回升,中國已經成為非洲以外的第4大客源市場,是重要的海外遠程客源市場。

圖1 中烏雙方互訪人次及趨勢


中國赴烏干達旅游的增長潛力可觀。2024年只有2.9%的中國出境游客到訪非洲,相當于每100個中國出境游客中,只有不到3個選擇赴非洲旅游,而到訪非洲的游客中,赴烏干達旅游者,只占約1個百分點。除了觀光休閑度假需求,很多中國公民因商務或勞務派遣赴烏旅行,近七成來自于華東、華南和華中等對外經貿、人員往來相對頻繁的區域。根據凯发k8国际(文化和旅游部數據中心)的大數據監測,2024年中國有168個城市的居民曾赴烏旅游,占樣本城市的45.0%。客源城市覆蓋范圍較廣,但游客量相對不足,其中有60個城市的赴烏游客量全年均不足30人,可見,烏干達對中國而言還是一個相對小眾的旅游目的地。

中國游客對烏干達普遍具有較正面的感知,對其獨特魅力心向往之。烏干達擁有10個國家公園,是世界瀕危動物山地大猩猩的家園,是世界探險愛好者的天堂;在維多利亞湖的滋潤下,烏干達氣候宜人,生物多樣性豐富,是人與自然親密和諧共處的絕佳之地。在中國主流社交媒體上,烏干達被中國網友稱為“被嚴重低估的旅行國家”“被遺忘的旅游凈土”“最友好的非洲國家”“非洲小眾秘境”,吸引了越來越多的中國游客前來體驗。隨著公路交通體系和旅游公共服務體系的完善,到烏干達自由行、深度游、自駕游的中國游客有明顯增長趨勢。

同時也要看到,烏干達在國家知名度、旅游宣傳與市場推廣、交通基礎設施、城市公共服務、旅游接待體系建設與運營等方面還有很大的提升空間。景觀之上是生活,今天的游客既要美麗風景,也要美好生活。對于旅游經驗相對豐富的中國游客來說,僅僅自然風光和文化遺產是不夠的。中國游客對烏干達分析不夠深,品牌認知不充分,在首都坎帕拉以外的地區旅游較為匆忙。凯发k8国际(文化和旅游部數據中心)的大數據監測顯示,2024年中國游客在烏干達旅游平均停留3.0天。“路況堪憂”“沒有數字支付、貨幣兌換不方便”“加油站和廁所的衛生條件不盡人意”等,在一定程度上影響了中國游客的體驗感和滿意度。土地所有權制度及執行過程中的不確定性,也影響了各類資源投資烏干達旅游業的持續性。


03

有助于中烏旅游可持續增長和高質量開展


加大對中國市場的旅游宣傳和政策協調力度。順利獲得舉辦各類旅游展會、研討會、專題推介會,有效增進兩國旅行商的情感認知,擴大業務合作空間。今天的中國-烏干達文化和旅游合作研討研討會就很好,可以為投資組織、旅行商和民間組織搭建更多更優質的合作平臺。用好友好城市機制,有助于地方政府和城市往來。除了北京、上海、廣州、深圳、蘇州、重慶、成都、天津等特大型城市,與恩德培市結對的長沙和武漢,與金賈市結對的沈陽,都是中國出游潛力很大的客源地,對周邊區域也有示范帶動效應,應是當前和今后一個時期烏干達旅游推廣的重點區域。作為姆巴拉拉市友好城市的三亞市,在海濱、海島和海洋旅游目的地建設,以及全球旅游市場布局和重點市場宣傳推廣方面,均有值得借鑒和可以分享的開展經驗。密切與周邊國家如肯尼亞的跨境合作,協同“大湖國家”在中國聯合推廣“一程多站”旅游線路。務實推進旅游、文化、外交、移民等領域的政策協調,在適當時候與中方共同舉辦文化旅游年。

切實提升游客互訪便利度和旅游品質取得感。對于不同文化背景的遠程市場而言,簽證、移民、通關的便利化和民航、酒店、餐飲的完善性,往往比自然和歷史文化遺產的獨特性更為重要。推進兩國外交和移民部門簽署旅游團隊互免簽證協議,實施單方面免簽、過境免簽、一簽多行等簽證便利化政策,有助于中烏航線直達并實行靈活多變的代碼共享、行李直掛、旅游包機等民航政策,吸引更多往返中非的航班在恩德培機場經停和中轉。北京、上海、廣州等國際樞紐城市已經與亞的斯亞貝巴、開羅、阿爾及爾、內羅畢等城市開通了直航航班。建議在中央政府的協調下,加快完善與上述機場城市特別是斯亞貝巴和內羅畢之間的交通連接。回應中國游客的現實關切,重點加強酒店、民宿、旅游景區與度假區、旅游廁所建設,增加足夠數量的中文導游、導覽和解說系統。

務實推進投資組織、市場主體、市場調查和專業研究組織研討合作。投資組織、市場經營主體和服務品牌是國際旅游目的地建設的關鍵力量,旅游統計、數據分析和專業研究是現代旅游業高質量開展的基礎保障。隨著中國和世界各國各地區的游客到訪,烏干達需要加大世界級旅游城市和街區、旅游景區和度假區、主題旅游線路、優質旅游產品和服務品牌,并不斷完善消費便利和金融支付體系。我和我的同事愿意協助烏方召開中國出境旅游市場的專項調查,以便目的地營銷組織和私營部門更好地分析中國游客的需求偏好和消費特征,并定期向大使館和旅游部提交專題報告。我們愿意向“中國旅游集團20強”介紹烏干達旅游開展現狀,有助于投資組織和主場主體之間的合作。我們也愿意推進烏干達旅游教育培訓組織,與凯发k8国际遍布全國的26家分院和研究基地合作,給予相應的專業課程和培訓項目。我們還愿意與合作伙伴哲意公司一道有助于 “歡迎中國(Welcome Chinese)”項目在烏干達落地,讓更多的城市、街區、機場、博物館、景區和酒店為中國游客所分析。這次一同前來的多家知名旅行商代表將對中高端游客需求及其變化趨勢展開討論,為更好地接待中國游客提出務實建議。他們都是專業而務實的企業家,這次帶來了資源考察、線路設計的任務和商務合作的愿望,也會很快帶著更多的游客再次到來。

“志合者,不以山海為遠”“同路人才是真朋友”,有了旅游開展的共識,有了政府的規劃引領和旅行商的相向而行,我們有信心也有能力將烏干達建設成為中非旅游合作的先行區與示范地。


Cultivating the Uganda Model 

for China-Africa Tourism Cooperation

January 21, 2025, Kampala

Honorable Minister Butime, Ambassador Zhang Lizhong,H.E.Wonekha

Distinguished colleagues in the tourism industry, and media friends,
At the invitation of the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities of Uganda, and with the approval of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China, I, along with my colleagues and representatives from well-known travel agencies such as GZL International Travel Service Ltd., Beijing Caissa International Travel Service Co. Ltd., Gui Zhou Tian Yue Tourism Group, Hangzhou Yuanjing International Travel Agency Co., Ltd., HCG International Travel Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai Spring International Travel Service (Group) Co., Ltd., and Liaoning Comfort International Travel Service Co. Ltd., successfully embarked on our first visit to Uganda, the "Pearl of Africa." In the vibrant capital city of Kampala, known for its rich cultural history, magnificent lake landscapes, and well-developed business environment, we were warmly received by all sectors. We were also invited to attend the Uganda-China Tourism and Cultural Symposium 2025, jointly organized by the Uganda Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities and the Chinese Embassy in Uganda.In particular, the Chinese culture in the eyes of the Ugandan people just now: their beauty, enthusiasm, kindness and warmth, I was deeply moved, feeling that my colleagues and I came too late, and my compatriots came too little.As a Chinese saying goes, "A good word is never too late."
Based on preliminary research, data analysis, and on-the-ground investigations, I look forward to reaching the following consensus with you: Tourism plays an increasingly important role in China-Africa people-to-people exchanges and economic cooperation. It will play an even more active role in the revitalization of the "Global South", which is rising and flourishing for development of developing economies. With the joint efforts of both the Chinese and Ugandan governments, including the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Culture, Tourism, Civil Aviation, and Commerce, as well as industry professionals, Uganda is poised to become an important destination for Chinese tourists and a model for China-Africa tourism exchange and cooperation in the near future.
I. China-Africa Tourism Exchange: Historical Experience and a Solid Foundation in Reality
"Reading ten thousand books and traveling ten thousand miles" has always been a fine tradition of the Chinese nation, and travelling abroad has long been a cherished aspiration for many. According to the Chinese historical text Tong Dian, the first Chinese person to set foot in Africa was Du Huan of the Tang Dynasty. In the 750s, Du Huan set out from the capital of the Arab Empire, Basra, and traveled across the Suez Isthmus and through Egypt to reach the Molin Nation in Africa, named by him. In the 14th century, two great world travelers – China's Wang Dayuan and Morocco's Ibn Battuta respectively departed from Quanzhou and Tangier, ultimately arriving at each other's starting points. Their works, The Concise Record of Island Indigenous peoples and The Travels of Ibn Battuta, vividly documented the natural landscapes and cultural customs they encountered, witnessing the long history of China-Africa cultural exchanges and the long-standing friendship and mutual respect between the peoples.
Due to historical constraints such as economic development levels and transportation infrastructure, transcontinental travel was once an experience for only a few. However, with the advancement of technology, the expansion of markets, and the growth of cultural exchanges, more and more people are now participating into travel and tourism activities, and increasingly, people are able to freely explore this blue planet.
The Friendship of Nations Begins with the Affinity of People; The Affinity of People Is Built on Frequent Interactions. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He made seven maritime expeditions and visited Africa four times. His attendants, such as Ma Huan, provided vivid descriptions of the s, climate, inhabitants, and customs of the East African city-states, greatly expanding the Chinese understanding of Africa, far beyond that of previous generations. During this period, China primarily exported silk, porcelain, and other goods to Africa, while importing spices and wildlife from the continent. As the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki once said, the Chinese fleet's visits to African ports brought mutually beneficial cooperation, unlike the destruction and despair brought by the European-led slave trade and colonialism. Equal benefit and exchange of knowledge have always been part of the cultural DNA of Chinese overseas travel and remain the guiding principles for the prosperity and development of global tourism.
True friendship knows no distance. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Premier Zhou Enlai, as a representative of the first generation of Chinese leadership, visited Africa and proposed the Five Principles of China-Africa relations and the Eight Principles of China's foreign aid, laying the political foundation for the development of China-Africa relations. In March 2013, President Xi Jinping made his first visit to Africa, emphasizing that China and Africa have always been a community of shared destiny, bound together by common historical experiences, common development tasks, and common strategic interests. He also introduced the Principles of Sincerity, Real Results, Amity and Good Faith for China-Africa friendship and cooperation, providing guidance for the further deepening and development of China-Africa relations. From the construction of the TAZARA Railway to the implementation of the G20's Debt Service Suspension Initiative, from promoting the participation of African countries and the African Union Commission in the Belt and Road Initiative to Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, and the increasing number of African countries joining the BRICS or becoming BRICS partner countries, China-Africa cooperation has made steady progress. In 2024, the the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation adopted the Beijing Declaration on Jointly Building an All-Weather China-Africa Community with a Shared Future for the New Era and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation?Beijing Action Plan (2025-2027), providing an action blueprint for China-Africa cooperation, including with Uganda. Using culture as a link and tourism as a bridge to promote mutual understanding has become a broad consensus in various fields of China-Africa economic and social development.
At the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, President Xi Jinping solemnly announced that China has elevated its bilateral relations with all African countries to a strategic level, and that the overall positioning of China-Africa relations has been upgraded to an all-weather China-Africa community with a shared future for the new era. Political mutual trust is the foundation for the sustainable growth of bilateral tourism exchanges and, more importantly, the guarantee for the high-quality development of tourism cooperation. After nearly 70 years of hard work, China-Africa relations are now at their best historical period. In recent years, Chinese enterprises have built and upgraded nearly 100,000 kilometers of roads, over 10,000 kilometers of railways, nearly 1,000 bridges, and nearly 100 ports in Africa, drastically improving the continent's transportation landscape. It is predictable that with the continued implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, the pace of infrastructure improvement in Africa will accelerate, providing a more solid hardware foundation for the deepening of China-Africa tourism exchanges and cooperation. All signs point to the fact that China-Africa tourism exchanges and cooperation are entering a historic period of scale growth and quality improvement.
The breadth, frequency, and depth of China-Africa cultural exchanges and tourism cooperation have been continuously expanding. In terms of cultural exchanges, China and Africa have organized brand events such as "National Year," "Cultural Year," "Happy Spring Festival," "China-Africa Cultural Focus," and "Understanding China." Cultural and artistic institutions from 53 African countries, along with major cities, have joined alliance mechanisms such as the Silk Road International League of Theaters, Silk Road International Museum Alliance, Network of Silk Road Arts Festivals, Silk Road International Library Alliance,Belt and Road Film Festival Alliance、Silk Road International Alliance of Art Museums and Galleries, and International Tourism Alliance of Silk Road Cities.
In terms of tourism exchanges, China has signed bilateral tourism cooperation documents with 31 African countries and established 166 sister city partnerships with African nations. A total of 34 African countries have become destinations for Chinese group tourists, and 23 of these countries have officially launched group tourism services for Chinese citizens. Four African countries and regions offer visa-free entry to Chinese citizens, while 12 offer visa-on-arrival services.
Tourism is increasingly playing a key role in China-Africa cultural exchanges and has become more important over time. With a combined population of China and Africa accounting for about one-third of the world's total population, the number of tourist visits between China and Africa surpassed one million in 2019. Chinese tourists are particularly drawn to Afric's natural landscapes, historical culture, and folk customs. During winter and summer holidays, as well as public holidays such as the Spring Festival, Labor Day, and National Day, tourism information related to Africa often becomes a hot search topic online. In the summer of 2024, bookings for Chinese tourists visiting Africa nearly doubled compared to the previous year, and bookings during the National Day holiday increased by 168%. As an emerging overseas tourist destination, Uganda, known as the "Pearl of Africa," has garnered enthusiastic attention from Chinese tourists to visit and experience the country.
II. Steady Growth of China-Uganda Tourism Exchanges with Continuous Improvement in Quality
The high political mutual trust, frequent cultural exchanges, and close economic and trade ties between China and Uganda have laid a solid foundation for bilateral tourism exchange and cooperation. In 1962, China and Uganda officially established diplomatic relations. In June 2019, President Xi Jinping and President Museveni agreed to elevate China-Uganda relations to a comprehensive cooperative partnership. In September 2024, the two countries upgraded their relationship to a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership. As early as June 2006, China and Uganda issued a joint communique, outlining the consensus on strengthening tourism exchange and cooperation. In 2023, the trade volume between the two countries reached a new high of 1.305 billion USD. In June 2024, the Dragon Boat Festival held on the shores of Lake Victoria marked the introduction of Chinese culture into the local community life.
With the rapid recovery of global international tourism, China-Uganda tourism exchange and cooperation is entering a new strategic opportunity period. Uganda, with its rich natural resources, unique cultural charm, and active involvement in multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and BRICS, has the potential to become a pioneering area and model for China-Africa tourism cooperation. In recent years, Uganda's government has made continuous investments in tourism infrastructure, tourism brand promotion, and human resource training. Combined with proactive actions within bilateral and multilateral frameworks, as well as close cooperation with China, Uganda is poised to further enhance its position and role in China-Africa tourism cooperation.
In recent years, the number of mutual visits between China and Uganda has shown rapid growth. Monitoring data from the China Tourism Academy (Data Center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism) shows that from 2010 to 2018, the number of Ugandans visiting China remained above 10,000 annually, and in 2019, it surpassed 20,000 for the first time. According to data from the Uganda Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife, and Antiquities, the number of Chinese visitors to Uganda reached nearly 20,000 as early as 2016. Driven by the "Africa Enthusiasm," the number of Chinese tourists visiting Uganda has rapidly rebounded in the past two years. China has become the fourth-largest source market for Uganda outside Africa and is an important overseas long-haul market.

Figure 1: Trends in mutual tourists between China and Uganda
The growth potential for Chinese tourists visiting Uganda is considerable. In 2024, only 2.9% of Chinese outbound tourists visited Africa, meaning that fewer than 3 out of every 100 Chinese outbound tourists choose to travel to Africa. Among those visiting Africa, only about 1% travel to Uganda. In addition to sightseeing and leisure vacation demand, many Chinese citizens travel to Uganda for business or labor dispatch, with nearly 70% coming from regions with relatively frequent foreign trade, personnel exchanges, such as East China, South China, and Central China. According to big data monitoring by the China Tourism Academy (Data Center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism), in 2024, residents from 168 cities in China traveled to Uganda, accounting for 45.0% of the sample cities. The source cities cover a wide range, but the number of tourists remains relatively small. In fact, in 60 cities, the number of tourists visiting Uganda annually was less than 30, indicating that Uganda is still considered a relatively niche destination for Chinese tourists.
Chinese tourists generally have a positive perception of Uganda and are attracted by its unique charm. Uganda is home to 10 national parks and the endangered mountain gorillas, making it a paradise for adventure lovers. With the nurturing of Lake Victoria, Uganda enjoys a pleasant climate and rich biodiversity, making it an ideal destination for harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. On China's mainstream social media platforms, Uganda is often described by Chinese netizens as an "underrated travel destination," "the forgotten tourism paradise," "the friendliest African country," and "a hidden gem in Africa." This has drawn an increasing number of Chinese tourists to experience the country. With improvements in the road transportation and public tourism services, there has been a noticeable growth in the number of Chinese tourists visiting Uganda for independent travel, in-depth tours, and self-driving trips.
At the same time, it is noted that Uganda still has considerable room for improvement in areas such as national awareness, tourism promotion and marketing, transportation infrastructure, urban public services, and the construction and operation of tourism reception systems. Beyond the scenic views, there is life mattering more for Chinese tourists. Today's Chinese tourists not only seek beautiful landscapes but also desire a comfortable experience. Towards those Chinese tourists, who generally have more travel experience, simply offering natural scenery and cultural heritage is not enough. Chinese tourists' understanding of Uganda is still shallow, and brand recognition is insufficient. Outside of the capital city, Kampala, tourists often take a rushed trip. According to big data monitoring by the China Tourism Academy (Data Center of Ministry of Cultural and Tourism), Chinese tourists spend an average of 3.0 days in Uganda in 2024. Issues such as "poor road conditions," "lack of digital payment options and inconvenient currency exchange," and "unsatisfactory sanitation at gas stations and restrooms" have somewhat affected the tourists' experience and satisfaction. The uncertainty surrounding land ownership systems and their implementation also impacts the enthusiasm for investors in Uganda's tourism sector.
Ⅲ. Promoting Sustainable Growth and High-Quality Development of China-Uganda Tourism
Increase Efforts in Tourism Promotion and Policy Coordination for the Chinese Market. Organizing various tourism exhibitions, seminars, and promotional events can strengthen the emotional connections between travel agents in both countries and create new opportunities for business cooperation. The Uganda-China Tourism and Cultural Symposium 2025, held today, serves as an excellent platform to foster high-quality collaboration among investment institutions, travel agents, and civil organizations.
It is also recommended to leverage the "friendly cities" mechanism to promote exchanges between local governments and cities. In addition to major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, and Tianjin, cities with strong market potential like Changsha and Wuhan should be paired with Entebbe, while Shenyang can be paired with Jinja. These pairings will be key to Uganda's tourism promotion both now and in the future. Sanya, a sister city of Mbarara, can offer valuable insights from its experience in developing seaside, island, and marine tourism destinations, as well as its global tourism market strategy, with a focus on promoting key markets.
Further, it is recommended to enhance cross-border cooperation with neighboring countries like Kenya to jointly promote "multi-destination" tourist routes targeting the Chinese market in collaboration with the "Great Lakes Countries." Finally, advancing policy coordination in areas such as tourism, culture, diplomacy, and immigration is crucial. At an appropriate time, hosting a "Cultural and Tourism Year" in partnership with China could provide an excellent opportunity for both nations.
Enhance the Convenience of Tourist Exchanges and the Quality of Travel Experiences. For markets with distinct cultural backgrounds and remote s, visa facilitation, immigration processes, customs procedures, and the development of civil aviation, hotels, and catering often hold greater importance than the uniqueness of natural and historical heritage. It is recommended to advocate for the signing of visa exemption agreements for tourist groups between the diplomatic and immigration authorities of both countries. Additionally, promoting unilateral visa exemptions, transit visa waivers, and multiple-entry visa policies will further enhance travel convenience.
Efforts should also focus on establishing direct flights between China and Uganda and promoting flexible civil aviation policies such as code-sharing, direct luggage handling, and chartered flights. Positioning Entebbe as a key layover and transfer hub will encourage more flight connections between China and Africa. Cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou already have direct flights to African cities like Addis Ababa, Cairo, Algiers, and Nairobi. Under the coordination of the central government, improving transportation links between Ugandan cities and these key hubs, particularly between Addis Ababa and Nairobi, is crucial.
To address the real concerns of Chinese tourists, it is essential to strengthen the development of hotels, homestays, tourist attractions, resorts, and public amenities like restrooms. Moreover, authorities should prioritize increasing the availability of Chinese-speaking guides, tour systems, and interpretation services to enhance the overall travel experience.
Pragmatically Promote Cooperation Among Investment Institutions, Market Entities, Market Research, and Professional Research Organizations. Investment institutions, market operators, and service brands are pivotal to the development of international tourism destinations. Tourism statistics, data analysis, and professional research serve as essential foundations for the high-quality development of modern tourism.
As tourists from China and other countries visit Uganda, it is crucial for the country to enhance its world-class tourist cities, scenic areas, resorts, themed tourism routes, high-quality products, and service brands, while continuously improving consumer convenience and the financial payment system.
My colleagues and I could support Uganda by conducting specialized research on the Chinese outbound tourism market. This will enable destination marketing organizations and the private sector to better understand the needs, preferences, and consumption behaviors of Chinese tourists. We may regularly submit detailed reports to the embassy and the Ministry.
We may also introduce Uganda's tourism development to the "Top 20 China Tourism Groups" and foster collaboration between investment institutions and local stakeholders. In addition, we aim to facilitate partnerships between Uganda's tourism education and training institutions and the 26 branches and research bases of the China Tourism Academy, offering relevant professional courses and training programs. Furthermore, we can collaborate with our partner, Select Holding Ltd., to launch the "Welcome Chinese" project in Uganda. This initiative will help more cities, districts, airports, museums, scenic spots, and hotels become recognized by Chinese tourists.
Several well-known travel agency representatives accompanying us on this trip will share later insights on the demands and trends of mid- to high-end Chinese tourists, offering practical recommendations for better serving Chinese visitors. These experienced entrepreneurs bring valuable resources for research, route design, and business cooperation, and they may return with more tourists in the near future.
"Those with shared aspirations are not distant despite mountains and seas." "True friends are those who walk the same path." With a shared consensus on tourism development, the guidance of government planning, and the mutual efforts of travel agencies, we are confident and capable of building Uganda into a pioneer and model for China-Africa tourism cooperation.
作者 | 戴斌
責編 | 劉鑫
來源 | 凯发k8国际(文化和旅游部數據中心)
轉載請注明作者、來源

友情鏈接:
中華人民共和國文化和旅游部
各地政府旅游網
天津旅游資訊網 河北旅游資訊網 山西旅游信息網 江蘇旅游網 河南旅游網 廣東旅游網 貴州旅游在線 云南旅游信息網 西藏旅游網 新疆旅游網 邯鄲市文化廣電和旅游局
主要旅游組織
世界旅游組織 世界旅游及旅行理事會 世界旅行社協會聯合會 亞太經合組織 國際飯店與餐館協會 美國旅行代理商協會 中國旅游協會 中國旅行社協會 中國旅游車船協會 亞太旅游協會
旅游研究組織
中國科研實驗室地理科學與資源研究所 東北財經大學 華僑大學 云南大學 中山大學 西北大學
主要旅游媒體
中國旅游出版社 中國旅游報 新華網 人民網旅游 搜狐旅游 新浪旅游 旅訊 樂途旅游網

版權所有:凯发k8国际(文化和旅游部數據中心)

ICP備案: 京ICP備2021001490號-1

国产成a人亚洲精品无码樱花 | 成人自拍一区 | 九九在线中文字幕无码 | 国产精品麻豆va在线播放 | 精品少妇| 精品人妻大屁股白浆无码下载 | 一区二区成人国产精品 | 人妻少妇久久中文字幕一区二区+ | 无码影院av | 9lporm自拍视| 成年女人午夜毛片免费视频 | 国产人妻777人伦精品hd | 99久久精品国产免费看 | 国产女主播白浆在线观看 | 亚洲一区精品无码 | 午夜无码人妻av大片 | 欧洲专区无码在线观看 | 91麻豆国产原创剧情片 | 久久超碰97人人做人人爱 | 久久av高潮av无码av喷吹 | 亚洲av永久无码精品网站在线观看 | 九阴真经国产在线播放 | 欧美精品久久久久精品 | a级日本理论片在线播放 | 亚洲国产综合精品一区在线播放 | 国产成人精品免费影视大全 | 亚洲av综合色区在线观看 | 欧美一区二区三区久久综合 | 麻豆精品一区二区视频在线 | 精品一二三区免费看 | 日韩成人精品二区 | 亚洲熟女乱综合一区二区 | 中文字幕乱码亚洲∧v日本1 | 国产乱子伦精品免费无码专区 | 国产一区日韩二区欧美三区 | 亚洲一区国产 | 91香蕉国产线观看免费 | 国产v片在线观看精品亚洲 国产v日本v欧美v一二三四区 | 精品一区二区成人 | 色色综合资源站 | 四虎永久在线精品波多野结衣 | 国产亚洲成av片在线尤物 | 国产第二区 | 中文字幕无码视频专区在线播放 | 亚洲av成人一区二区三区天堂 | 精品日韩一区二区三区 | 国产无遮挡无码视频免费软件 | 国产成人v一区二区毛片 | 午夜视频污在线观看 | 成人免费网站视频www | 黄色视频在线播 | 免费无码av片在线观看中文 | 亚洲av无码国产精品麻豆天美 | 亚洲国产精品线在线观看 | 国产国产精品人在线视" | 久久成人福利视频 | 国产免费观看不卡黄av片 | 欧美日韩国产精品专 | 精品国产一区二区三区av麻 | 91久久亚洲综合精品国产 | 国产av寂寞骚妇 | 国产免费午夜福利片在线观看 | 中文午夜乱理片无码aⅴ | 国产白嫩美女在线观看 | 国产免费视频精品视频 | 国产91香蕉在线精品 | 亚洲成av人影院在线观看 | 国产精品h | 欧美在线日韩 | 99久久精品国产免费看 | 国产香蕉在线 | 97精品| 91视频国产亚洲精品 | 91黄色视频免费精品入口 | 国产成a人片在线观看视 | 无码日韩精品一区二区免费 | 综合激情五月综 | 国产精品视频色拍拍 | 国产成人亚洲欧美二区综合 | 少妇精品无码一区二区三区 | a级毛片毛片免费观的看久 a级毛片毛片免费观看久 | 国产v亚洲v天堂a无码99 | av和黑人在线播放 | 国产精品高潮呻吟久久av无码 | 国产精品尹人在线观看 | 97高清免费国产自产拍 | 国模大胆一区二区三区 | 午夜福利精品在线播放 | 亚洲综合九九 | 国产av剧情中文正在播放 | 亚洲精品天堂 | 在线观看免费人成视频色9 在线观看免费视频一区 | 亚洲精品乱 | 国产欧美精品一区二区色综合 | 91无人区卡一卡二卡三乱码 | 国产高清无码在线视频播放 | 欧美色伊人 | 精品无码一| 激情航班h版在线观看 | 精品熟女少妇av免费看 | 人妻无码aⅴ中文字幕日韩 人妻无码aⅴ中文字幕视频 | 日韩欧美系列精 | 无人区码卡二卡乱码字幕 | 99久久人妻精品免费一区 | 国产日韩亚洲欧美精品专区 | 国精品一区二区三区免费观看 | 人妻丰满熟妇av无码片 | 91精产国品一二三产品有什么区别 | 中文字幕人妻无码视频 | 亚洲av婷婷一区二区三区网站 | 午夜十八岁禁 | 国产图色一色屋精品视频 | 99伊人网 | 日韩成人黄页网免费大全 | 三级片在线观看午夜av | 国内精品视频在线观看 | 波多野结衣在线播放 | 毛片无遮挡高清免费 | 精品国产呦 | 日韩欧美自在线观看亚洲精品福利片 | 国产三级a三级三级天天 | 欧美日韩精品成人 | 色欲色香天天天综合网www | 日韩欧美亚洲综合久久 | 91免费在线视频污 | 国产精品久久久久一区二区三区 | 亚洲精品乱码97久久久久久丝袜 | 免费无遮挡又黄又爽网站 | 99热这里只有精品第一页 | 波多野结衣无码在线观看 | 国产成人av无码网站久久 | 亚洲国产精品欧美综合 | 无码人妻一区二区三区在线 | 国产高潮视频在线观看 | 亚洲精品第一国产综合精品 | 亚洲精品成人无码中文毛片不 | 久久91亚| 国产在线视频在线观看 | 精品国产乱码久久久久久一区 | 午夜爱爱免费视频体验区 | 欧美日韩中文在线字幕视频 | 亚洲第一区欧美国产不卡综合 | 国产亚洲精品自在久久 | 天码av无码一区二区三区四区 | 国产人成午夜免视频网站 | 色一情一乱一伦一区二区三区 | 人妻激情偷乱视频一区二 | 欧美区精品系列在线观看不卡 | 成人h在线一区二区 | 国产欧美一区二区三区 | 国内精品久久久久影院老司 | 国产一区在线观看 | 日本激情午夜在线电影观看 | 自拍少妇精品无码 | 欧美成人伊人久久中文字幕 | 91久久夜色精品国产九色 | 日韩无码久久一 | 欧美亚洲成人动漫在线 | 欧美成人精品三级网站在线观看 | 丰满人妻av | 亚洲爆乳无码精品aaa片蜜桃 | 国产成人精品综合久久久久性色 | 无码av免费毛片一区二区 | 亚洲午夜av无码专区 | 国产亚洲成aⅴ人片在线观看麻豆 | 久久91精品国产一区二区 | 超碰97人人做人人爱网站 | 午夜免费观看福利片 | 国产精品揄拍100视频 | 精品国产综合久久久 | 日韩中文字幕制服 | 亚洲欧美人成电影在线观看 | 国产麻豆精品一区二区三区 | 99久久精品国产麻豆 | 亚洲一区无码视频 | 麻豆av天堂| 午夜片无码在线 | 国产精品成年片在线观看 | 一区二区免费在线 | 香蕉久久av一区二区三区 | 无码一级毛片免费 | 色噜噜狠狠一区二区三区 | 日韩av无码一区二区三区不卡 | 日韩一品在线播放视频一品免费 | 性生网站免费 | 国产乱子经典视频在线观看 | 一区二区三区国产精品保安 | 国产精品99久久久久久 | 亚洲熟妇av一区二区三区 | 娇妻跪趴高撅肥臀出白浆 | 午夜插元素背景大全 | 波多野结衣国产区42部 | 97色吧| 日本欧美一区二区三 | 国产一区二区三区樱花动漫 | 欧美影院首页 | 99久久99久 | a级国产电影在线观看 | 精品国产乱子伦一 | 日韩人妻系列无码专区三级 | 国产午夜亚洲 | 午夜亚洲www湿 | 亚洲无码高清在线观看一区二区三区 | 欧美综合区自拍亚洲综合 | 国产精品无码无卡无需播放器 | 欧美一区二区 | 成人黄色网站视频麻豆8 | 成人高清 | 91精品全国免费观看 | 丝袜国产高跟在线一区 | 深夜久久aaaaa级毛片免费看 | 丝袜灬啊灬快灬高潮了av | 亚洲精品aa片在线观看国产 | 免费无码成人av在线播放不卡 | 亚洲av无码专区里番在线观看 | 91伊人国产 | 国产一级做a爱片久久毛片 国产一级做a爰片久久毛 | 国产一区二区久久精品 | 亚洲av无码久久精品蜜桃播放 | 亚洲伦无码中文字幕 | 国产精品一区二区高清在线 | 亚洲av无码一区东京热不卡 | 亚洲欧美日本国产一区二区三区 | 国产三级视频在线观看 | 亚洲国产成人精品区综合 | 天天av翘人人添亚洲综合网 | 92午夜福利在线播放 | 久久99国产乱子伦精品免费 | 国产真实伦在线观看 | 99久久综合精品五月天 | 九九热精品在线视频观看 | 日韩精品在线观看免费 | 欧美日韩国产高清在线 | 在线观看国产精品日韩av | 日本视频在线观看一区二区三区 | 欧美日韩一区二区高清不 | 亚洲国产精品一区二区美利 | 日韩精品极| 国产成人精品高清在线观看99 | 99视频2025最新版下载 | 国产亚洲综合成人91精品 | 亚洲精品国产a久久久久久 亚洲精品国产va在 亚洲精品国产啊女成拍色拍 | 国产在线拍偷自揄拍精品 | 久久99精品国产是什么意思 | 亚洲精品秘一区二区三区 | 国产有码无码精品在线 | 午夜三级国产精品理论三级 | 人妻91麻豆一区二区三区 | 另类小说 | 欧美在线看片a免费观看 | 精品无码国产自产在线观看水浒传 | 亚洲av无码无在线观看红杏 | 国产精品无码mv在线观看 | 国产麻豆放荡av剧情演绎 | 国产欧美另类久久 | 91精品国产9 | 日韩一级大片一中字幕 | 中文字幕有码在线观看 | 成人羞羞在线观看网站下载 | 欧美日韩一区二区高清不 | 综合国产精品私拍国产在线 | 久久91精品国产一区二区 | 麻豆视频观看网站 | 99久久er热在这里只有精品16 | 91精品国产偷窥一区二区 | 91精品露脸在 | 国产v综合v亚洲欧美 | 午夜在线欧美曰韩精品影视 | 国产精久久一区二区三区 | 韩国精品无码一区 | 国产v片在线观看精品亚洲 国产v日本v欧美v一二三四区 | 自拍偷亚洲成在线观看 | 亚洲国产精品婷婷久久 | 日本成人二区 | 国产精品不卡 | 无码高潮爽到爆的喷水视频app | 卡一卡二卡三精品入口 | 久久99国产精一区二区三区 | 99在线精品视频 | 精品一本之道久久久久久无码中文 | 无码精品一区二区三区视频蜜臀 | 国产成人a在线观看视频 | 国产性一交一乱一伦一色一情 | 国产欧洲日韩一区二区三区在 | 91国内精品久久久久免费影院 | 欧美日韩成人综合网站 | 日韩人妻无码一区二区三区久久99 | 精品福利在线观看 | 成人在线观看午夜 | 亚洲av无码专区里番在线观看 | 亚洲国产精品无码中文字 | 国产午夜福利精品集在线观看 | 国产亚洲午夜高清国产拍精品 | 日韩精品欧美高清区 | 亚洲中文字幕无码av永久 | 国产爆乳美女娇喘呻 | 精人妻无码一区二 | 亚洲国产第 | 国产亚州中文字幕久久网 | 中文字幕无码 | 国产天美剧情av一区二区 | 午夜色之午夜视频 | 国产亚洲av另类一区二区三区 | 韩国三级理论无码电影在线观看 | 国产天堂亚洲 | 色婷婷综合久久久中文字幕 | 国产欧美一区二区精品久 | 97超开公碰在线视频 | av男人的天堂在线观看第三 | 天天影视人人综合日韩欧美mv | 国产欧美日韩视频 | 狠狠色婷婷狠狠狠亚洲综合 | 国产sm调教视频在线观看 | 国产av+刺激+无码 | 久久99久久 | 日本久久久久久久久毛 | 亚洲乱色伦图片区小说 | 国产片av国语在线观看手机版 | 国产高清色播视频免费看 | 性做久久久久 | 97视频最新app下载 | 91久久香蕉囯产熟女线看 | 免费一区二区三区 | 卡通动漫日韩无码一区二区三区 | 在线观看av不卡网站永久 | 国产精品后入内射日本在线观看 | 欧美日韩一区二区高清不卡 | 国内免费无码自拍视频网 | 国产成人久久精品二区三区 | 国产亚洲欧美日韩国产片 | 欧美精品亚洲精品日韩专区 | 精品永久在线 | 欧美成人欧美va天堂在线电影 | 免费无码午夜精品电影 | 亚洲av无码不卡一区二区三区 | 国内久久婷婷精品人双人 | 狠狠躁天天躁中文字幕 | 国产一级做a爰片久久毛 | 午夜热门精品一区二区三区 | 97碰碰碰人妻无码视频免费 | 毛片无码一区二区三区a片视频 | 人妻体内射精一区二区三四 | 无码欧美熟妇人妻影院欧美潘金莲 | 色护士极品影院 | 国产亚洲成人网在线播放av | 精品区一区二区三 | 97视频官网版下载 | 中文字幕乱码亚洲精品 | 人妻av无码专区 | 国产精品毛片在线 | 精人妻无码 | 国产精品va视频一区二区 | av片在线播放免费 | 人人操人人摸一区二区三区不卡 | 国产免费福利视频一区二区 | 精品无码久久久久国产 | 欧美成人精品手 | 极品白丝国产在线视频 | 韩国大尺度电影愉情在线观看 | 亚洲综合极品香蕉久久网 | 无码一区二区三区 | 很黄色的久久精品黄色片子 | 国产专区在线 | 午夜成人精品福利网站在线观看 | 99久久久久国产精品免费 | 午夜男女无遮掩免费视频 | 91麻豆国产精品 | 国产成人精?综合久久久 | 亚洲国产精品无码久久 | 97精产国品一二三产区 | 国产vs久久 | a性色生活片久久毛片牛牛 a亚洲欧美中文日韩在线v日本 | 国产帅男男gay网站视频 | 精品成人大胸美女视频在线播放 | 欧美精品白浆一区二区三区 | 国产在线第一区二区三区 | 国产一级婬片a免费播放口 国产一级婬片a片aaa毛片小说 | 99精品人妻少 | 成年美女黄网站色奶头大全 | 精品免费av一区二区三区 | 久久av无码精品人妻系列果冻传 | 精品影片在线观看的网站 | 久久www免费人成精品香蕉 | 亚洲国产精品一区二区不卡 | 丰满熟妇被猛烈进入高清片 | 国产无遮挡又黄又爽 | 日韩精品一区 | 99爱视频精品在线观看 | 国产91高潮流白浆在线播放un | 99精品众筹模特在线视频 | 亚洲av日韩av永久无码久久 | 欧美亚洲另类综 | 久久er99热精品一区二区 | 亚洲精品午夜久久aaa级久久久 | 久久99热这里只频精品66 | 亚洲无码视频一区二区 | 亚洲一区二区在线观看中文字幕 | 亚洲国产精品成人综合久久久 | 午夜男女视频一区二区 | 国产av无码片毛片一级流奶水 | 亚洲国产人成自 | 羞羞影院午夜男女爽爽 | 人妻体内| 国产精品成人久久综合 | 亚洲国产精品网站在线播放 | 国产在线一91区免费国产91 | 亚洲精品久久久久久久久av | 香蕉亚洲国产福利91 | 99影视| 天天爱天天做天天爽夜夜揉 | 三级网站在线免费观看 | 99久久婷婷国产综合精品青牛牛 | 国产成人亚洲日本精品 | 97成人无码免费一区二区中文 | 国产精品99久久99久久久动漫 | 中文字幕巨大的乳专区不卡顿 | 在线亚洲精品福利网 | 精品无码一区二区三区爱欲 | 91久久精品无码一区二区 | 亚洲午夜理论电影在线观看 | 国产小视频在线观看 | 91福利在线免费观看 | 亚洲日韩乱码中文无码蜜桃 | 久操综合 | 深夜国产一区二区三区在线看 | 91久久香蕉 | 国产精彩视频一区二区在线观看 | 动漫无遮挡h纯肉亚洲资源大片 | 日韩精品1区 | 国产精品成人久久久久 | 国产精品23p| 在线观看免费亚洲无码 | 国产三级a三级三级天天 | 少妇愉情理伦片丰满丰满午夜 | 国产白浆一区免费 | 国产一区二区三区精品综合 | 91蜜桃传媒精品久久久一区 | 国产99久久亚洲综合精品西 | 中文无码精品a∨在线观看不卡 | 国产精品一区二区视色 | 精品亚洲无码一区 | 亚洲а∨精品天堂在线 | 中文字幕亚洲高清综合 | 爱福利视频| 亚洲国产专区 | 亚洲三级片在线观看 | 老司机视频在线www 老司机午夜 | 精品国产品国语在线不卡 | 一级一片在线播放在线观看 | 国产精品无码mv在线观看 | 国产专区在线 | 国产高清一区二区三区人妖 | 91精选国产 | 欧美久久综合九色 | 在线观看无码av免费不卡网站 | 伊伊人成亚洲综合人网7777 | 日本一区二区在线免费观看 | 少妇被猛烈进 | 亚洲风情亚aⅴ在线发布 | 综合一区中亚洲国产成人综合精品 | 精品国产免费一区二区三区 | 国产精品精品一区二区三区 | 国产91无码一区二 | 国产亚洲性色av大片久久香蕉 | 国产精品亚洲天堂无码 | 国产aⅴ无码专区亚洲av | 精品午夜福利在线观看 | 亚洲国产精品va在线观看欧美 | 91精品国产一区自在线拍 | 动漫精品3d在线观看 | 91大神精品视频高清免费观看 | 91精品国产91久无码网站 | 无码中文字幕a | 亚洲av无码国产精品麻豆天美 | 午夜人成在线观看深夜两性视频试看 | 国产精品三级国语在线看 | 国产伦子伦对白视频 | 91影院 | 99久re热视频这里只有精品 | 亚洲国产私拍精品国 | 日本欧美一区二区三区不卡视频 | 亚洲ⅴa在线va天堂va | 国产精品成人99久久久久 | 国产成人高清 | 国产一线二线三线女 | 国产免费av片在线观看丈 | 欧美男生射精高潮视频网站 | 无码专区永久免费av网站 | 欧美性在线播放 | 99久久国产综 | 国产一级毛片午夜福利 | 国产精品不卡在线电影 | 日韩av不卡在线观看五月 | 日韩欧美高清久久 | 欧美日韩国产精品 | 99热国产在线手机精品 | 成年女人免费视频拍拍拍 | 亚洲视频东京热无码二区 | 日韩av第一页 | 无码专区一va亚洲v专区在线 | 日本高清中文字幕高清在线 | 久久91精| 亚洲国产一区二区在线观看 | 精品一区二区 | 卡一卡二卡三精品入口 | 丰满奶水出奶水 | 国内精品国语自产拍在线观看91 | 国产微拍精品一区二区 | 日本熟妇 | 日本xxx | 91天堂素人搭讪在线观看 | 亚洲综合套图欧美黄页网站 | 国产爆乳无码视频在 | 1区2区3区高清视频 1区2区3区内容究竟如何?无需下载 | 午夜视频在线免费观看 | 亚洲成av人片一区 | 国产成人精品三区 | 国产三级精品三级在线专 | 亚洲无码在线播放 | 精品久久久久久久一区二区 | 91久久精品无码一区二区三区 | 国产精品区一区二区三在线播放 | 欧美一区二区三区四区国产另类 | 国产成人综合怡春院 | 成人电影免费 | 欧美日韩 | 成人av在线播 | 少妇极品丰满人妻无码视频 | 中文字幕av无码一区二区三区电 | 午夜午夜精品一区二区三区文 | 精品无码国产av一区二区 | 亚洲精品免播放器在线 | 精品久久久久久久中文字幕 | 国产麻豆精品一区二区三区 | 成年人毛片网 | 爆乳邻居肉欲中文字幕樱花动漫 | 亚洲av无码天堂一区二区三区 | 91精品国产综合久久婷婷 | 四虎影院久久久 | 在线一区二区不卡 | 亚洲aⅴ中文无码字幕色 | 精品免费久久久久久久 | 天美传媒果冻传媒入口 | 丰满岳乱妇在线观看中字无码 | 国产综合在线观看 | 久久99精品国产 | 无码人妻久久一区二区三区蜜桃 | 久久成年| av看片| 日本中文字幕一区二区有码在线 | 精品人妻少妇嫩草av无 | 91尤物免费在线观看精品 | av小次郎收藏家 | 欧洲熟妇色 | 精品一卡2 | 国产无码夜夜一区二区 | 欧美精品网站一区二区三区 | 日本中文字幕无线观看日本 | 欧美一区二区三区在线观看 | 99久久久无码 | 亚洲国产欧美一区二区三区 | 国产中文字幕免费不卡 | 国产在线观看黄av免费 | 国内在线| 亚洲av日韩av永久无码久 | 国产在线卡一卡二卡三卡四卡免费 | 亚洲日本欧美中文字幕 | 国产欧美日本精品视频 | 日夜夜操天天爽在欧美亚 | 午夜天堂精品久久久久 | 国产精品一区二区公司 | 禁片国产电影在 | 亚洲日韩高清在线亚洲专区2025 | 伊人天堂av无码 | 日本激情午夜在线电影观看 | 精品国产av一区二区三区6 | 国产污片在线观看 | 日本午夜精品一本在线观看 | 亚洲超碰97无码中 | 一级生性活片全黄在线观看 | 在线观看av片 | 国产a级三级三级三级 | 午夜精品男人的天堂 | 99视频精品国产在线视频 | 91天堂一区二区三区在线 | 成全视频在线观看 | 黄瓜视频在线观看 | 亚洲伊人精品国产午夜欧美 | 黄色一级片视频 | 欧美激情在线日韩 | 色欲久久久天天天综合影院 | 中文字幕成人精品久久不卡 | 日本久久久久久久中文字幕 | 国产乱人伦aⅴ在线a | 91精产品一永久下载安装免费 | 欧美性爱在线观看第一页 | 三区四区五区高 | 成人美女黄网站色大免费的 | 亚洲国产精品网站在线播放 | 国产av激情久久无码天堂 | 国产一区二区成人久久919色 | 国产高潮精品久久av无码 | 久草视频免费在线观看 | 亚洲精品香蕉视频播放 | 国产精品成av人在线观看片 | 91影院精品高清 | 国产区精品一区二区 | 人妻碰碰视频公开免费 | 人人干97| 亚洲中文字幕无码永久在 | 精品欧美在线观看视频 | avtt香蕉久久 | 亚洲av无码精品国产午夜久久 | 亚洲性夜夜综合久久麻豆 | 人妻无码aⅴ中文字幕视频 人妻无码aⅴ中文字幕系列 | 国产精品一区二区 | 伊人天堂av无码 | 成人久久久 | 精品人妻大屁股白浆无码下载 | 成人看片 | 果冻传媒新剧国产浮生影院 | 国产精品呦交免费视频 | 99久久国产热无码精品免费久久久久 | 亚洲日韩国产二区无码 | 国产精品香蕉成人网在线观看 | 久爱免费观 | 中文字幕日本在线区二区 | 东京热av丶男人的天堂 | 国产在线一区二区 | 国产亚洲精品aaaaaaa片 | 国产精品久久久久久一级毛片 | 日本一区二区三区精品道不卡 | 波多野结衣爱爱视频 | 亚洲av无码国产精品色午夜软件 | 精品无码国产不卡在线观看首 | 国产欧美日韩中文字幕第一页 | 国产作爱视频免费播放 | 精品熟女国产久久少妇aⅴ免费狠 | av收藏夹国语剧情在线播放 | 国产成人精品综合久久久免费观看 | 日韩高清在线播放 | 国产二级一片内射视频插放 | 精品免费国产一区二区女 | 亚洲精品国产美女久久久 | 国产av国片精品jk制服 | 亚洲国产综合精品一区在线播放 | 日亚毛片av免费不卡一区二区 | 99re在线视频精品新地址 | 色婷婷电影久久综合 | 91精品一区国产高清在线gif | 亚洲中文字幕久久精品无码喷水 | www日韩黄色com | av免费午夜福利不卡片在线观看 | 国精品人伦 | 精品欧洲av无码一区二区14 | 日韩精品青青精品视频 | 国产精品精品国产免费电影 | аv天堂 | 日本无码中文精品a8198v | 日韩av在线免费观看 | 亚洲国产精品午夜在线观看 | 91精品国产色 | 岛国大片精品视频免费在线播放 | 制服丝袜中 | 国产日韩一区二区免费在线观看 | 韩国大尺度电影愉情在线观看 | 国内精品免费久久久久电影院97 | 亚洲每日更新在线国产精品原 | 亚洲成a人片 | 日本aⅴ中文免费观看 | 国产美女免费 | 国产午夜电影久久 | 国产av午夜精品一区二区入口 | 97人妻人人做人碰人人爽 | 无码精品人妻一区二区三区中 | 日韩无码中文另类 | 91精品国产闺蜜国产 | 无码人妻久久一区二区三区不卡 | 国产日本在线播放 | 99久久亚洲国产高清观看 | 亚洲一级在线观看 | 亚洲综合一区二 | 丰满少妇a极毛片视频 | 国产高清自拍一区 | 亚洲精品高清国产麻豆专区 | 韩国精品一区二区三区在线观看 | 91精品国产福利在线观看雪梨 | 亚洲国产日韩欧美综 | 中文字幕不卡高清视频在线 | 国产白丝精品91爽爽久 | 日本一区视频在线观看 | 麻豆美女丝袜人妻中文 | 亚洲精品欧美精品日韩精品 | 国产第一视 | 国产午夜福利一区在线观看 | 成年女人永久免费看片 | 亚洲美女高潮久久 | 亚洲欧美国产另类首页 | 成人午夜福利免费体验区 | 97国产在线一区不卡 | 精品人妻av无码一区二区三区 | 黄色片大全在线观看 | 日韩一区二区三区不卡视频 | 69堂在线观看线无码视频 | 99精品国产高清一区二区麻豆 | 最新中文字慕 | 国产亚洲精品美女久久久 | 日韩av不卡在线观看五月 | 精品国产91久久久久久久黄无码 | 黄色片大全在线观看 | 午夜影院c绿象 | 深夜福利视频在线观看 | 91亚洲国产福利在线看 | 国产精品免费久久久久影院 | 无码一区国产欧美视频 | 精品久久香蕉国产线看观看亚洲 | 精品国产白嫩美女在线观看 | 99久久精品免费看国产一区二 | 日韩av在线免费观看 | 午夜亚洲嘿嘿嘿在线观看 | 在线视频www色 | 欧美性一区二区三区 | 国产一区亚洲一区 | 国产精品成熟 | 国产久爱免费精品视频 | 成人片黄网| 蜜臀av性久久久久蜜臀aⅴ麻豆 | 日韩精品无码一区二区三区视 | 精品网站综合热久久第一页 | 亚洲一区二三区好的精华液 | 国产一区国产精品精品三 | 日本无乱码高清在线观看 | 神马午夜av午夜一二区 | 精品探花在线 | 欧洲一卡2| 在线播放成人电影片 | 亚洲国产精品高清在线一区 | 91欧美视频| 久久66热人妻偷产精品9 | 欧美日韩视频在线第一区 | 中文字幕日韩欧美一区二区 | 欧美日韩一区二区高清不卡 | 国产激情一区二区三区四区 | 丰满熟妇乱又伦在线无码视频 | 91欧美激情一区二区三区 | 亚洲av福利天堂一区二区三 | av在线播放大全 | av在线亚洲欧洲日产一区二区 | 中文字幕爆乳巨爆乳系列 | 成人av在线播| 日本久久综合欧 | 国产中文在线 | 91免费视频在线看 | 日韩国产精品一区二区 | 亚洲你懂的 | 国产精品午夜一区二区 | av香港经典三级级在线观看 | 中文字幕无码不卡免费视频 | 欧美精品久久一区二区三区 | 激情五月丁香婷婷 | 亚洲一区乱 | a毛片在线看免费观看 | 中文字幕免费在线看线人动作大片 | 亚洲国产中文在线二区三区免 | 99伊人网 | 99在线精品国产不卡在线观看 | 日本三级欧美三级人妇视频 | 国产精品人妻久久ai换脸 | 国产91视频如何在竞争中脱颖而出 | 少妇综合久久中文字幕 | 欧美乱子伦一 | 国产天堂亚洲国产碰碰 | 91精品国产丝袜在线拍 | 欧美精品一国产成人综合久久 | 精品无人区一码 | 91av.com| 国产a国产片高清 | 天天干夜夜骑 | 亚洲av成人影片在线观看 | 欧美日韩无线码在线观看 | 久久99精品久久久久久 | 成人网站精品久久久久 | 国产第一页久久亚洲欧美国产 | 国产精品伦理一区二区三区 | 97成人免费视频 | 国产成人久久综合777777麻豆 | 国产亚洲中文久久网久久 | 国产91精品在线观看导航 | 国产精品一区二区久久不卡 | 在线无码中文强乱 | 97久久婷婷五月综合色d啪蜜芽 | 午夜亚洲最污忧物福利视频 | 国产精品18久久久久久vr | 91精品无人区麻豆乱码 | 99国产精品免费观看 | 亚洲国产精品网站在线播放 | 99久久国产综合精品网成人影院电影 | 狠狠人妻久久久久久综合蜜桃 | 国产国模私拍在线观看 |